The Diplomat誌が削除した李宇衍の寄稿

The Diplomat誌が削除した李宇衍の寄稿。現在は削除され、Page Not Foundとなっている。　

Mitch Shinは、英語と、なぜか韓国語で読者に謝罪。彼は保坂祐二教授に、代わりの原稿を依頼した事を明かしている。

Mitch Shinによると、彼が日曜日のイ・ウヨンの寄稿に気づいたのは、月曜日になってから。すぐにediting teamに連絡し、3時間の議論の後に記事の撤回が決定。そして、Mitch Shin自身が、保坂教授に新しい原稿を依頼。こうした経緯を彼は、”韓国語で”フォロワーに報告し（魚拓）、二度と間違いは起こらないと約束した。

イ・ウヨンの寄稿は、ハーバード大のマーク・ラムザイヤーや彼を庇う有馬哲夫と戦っているノースカロライナ州立大学のデヴィッド・アンバラスらが問題視していた　（魚拓）。Mitch Shinがそれに反応。comfort women deniersハンターと、韓国人愛国者のチームプレーといったところか？

Anti-Japan Tribalism on the Comfort Women Issue

Inconsistent court rulings are a reflection of Korean thinking.

By Lee Wooyoun

November 14, 2021　

In December 2015, the governments of South Korea and Japan reached a “final and irreversible” resolution to the comfort women issue. Then-Prime Minister Abe Shinzo expressed anew his “most sincere apologies and remorse” and agreed to donate 1 billion yen (10.8 billion won at the time) from the government budget to support the victims. The Reconciliation and Healing Foundation was established, and the donation was paid to 34 of the 45 former comfort women who were alive at the time.

In 2017, the Moon Jae-in administration effectively abandoned this agreement made by the Park Geun-hye administration, citing the fact that the wishes of the former comfort women victims were not properly reflected in the negotiations. Despite the fact that the Foundation still held assets of 6 billion won, its charter was revoked and Moon declared that a “true resolution” had not been reached. The Japanese government urged the Korean government to adhere to the agreement and remedy what it considered South Korea’s breach of international law, but this was met with inaction on the part of the Korean government.

In January 2021, another bombshell. In a lawsuit filed against Japan for damages by 12 former comfort women, the 34th Civil Division of the Seoul Central District Court ruled that Japan must compensate the plaintiffs 100 million won each. Many of the plaintiffs at this trial claimed that they had been abducted, which some of the former comfort women had also claimed. It was a textbook case of “forced recruitment theory” and was accepted by the Court at face value. Now, however, the forced recruitment theory is being significantly undermined. The testimonies of the comfort women are sometimes inconsistent. Prominent former comfort woman Lee Yong-soo initially said that she had been recruited on false pretenses, but later said that she had been forcibly recruited by the Japanese military.

The courts of one nation cannot exercise jurisdiction over the acts of another nation exercising its sovereignty, even if those act are unlawful. This is the principle of international customary law known as state immunity, and it is designed to prevent legal battles turning into armed conflict and to facilitate international peace. The Court declared that the actions taken by Japan for the mobilization, maintenance, and management of the comfort women were “anti-humanitarian crimes” and handed down the ruling of an exception to state immunity.

In April of this year, the 15th Civil Division of the Seoul Central District Court handed down a ruling that was completely at variance with the January ruling, causing surprise both within and outside South Korea. A lawsuit filed by 20 former comfort women was identical in nature to that filed in the January trial, yet the Court dismissed it without deliberating on the facts, citing state immunity. The presentment relating to this accounted for almost two-thirds of the 79 pages of the judgment. According to this ruling, international customary law that considers a “humanitarian crime” as an exception to state immunity has not yet been established. Further, if we look at the rulings of courts at various levels in the United States, seven European countries, and the International Court of Justice in relation to illegal acts by the German army during World War II, with the exception of some courts in Italy, all granted state immunity in respect of the acts perpetrated by the German army.

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The April ruling contains an important point of detail that should be noted. Namely, the law is not the sole or last resort remedy for comfort women victims. An alternative may be a “diplomatic agreement,” as the agreement between South Korea and Japan in 2015 showed. The ruling also goes into considerable detail on this point. Ultimately, the April ruling seems to be a practical ruling that considers the intention to find a realistic solution to the problem and ways of doing so. The January ruling rejected the common understanding of diplomacy as involving another party; it was a “theoretical” ruling based on anti-Japan tribalism.

The Japanese government is calling for the agreement to be observed and is unlikely to change its position in the future, given that not only Japanese political parties but more than two-thirds of the Japanese public believe that South Korea is responsible for the catastrophic situation.

The April ruling is by no means without its problems. Neither of the two rulings resolves the issue in any fundamental sense. However, we have to consider what is the current mainstream theory in Korean society. We must also remember the experience that changed the historical perception in Japan and the struggle that came with it. As we saw in the whirlwind of “anti-Japan tribalism,” the seeds of change in South Korea are now sprouting. And South Korea is “Dynamic Korea,” a country that is constantly changing.

This article has been updated from the originally published version. The Diplomat apologizes for the error.

Lee Wooyoun

Lee Wooyoun is a research fellow at the Naksungdae Institute of Economic Research in South Korea. His publications include "Anti-Japan Tribalism" (co-authored).

ストラスフィールド 「慰安婦像失敗、豪州の民主主義が勝利」

「三姉妹像」

姿に惑わされてはいけない

オーストラリアのストラスフィールド市を一年以上悩ませていた慰安婦像設置を巡る騒ぎに、先月漸く終止符が打たれた（たまには、英字新聞も翻訳してみた）。

地元紙がタイトルに使った「オーストラリアのデモクラシーの勝利」、これはVaccari市長の言葉らしいのだが、実はこの市長が慰安婦像推進派に取り込まれており、インタビューに決着に15ヶ月も要した言い訳をしているが、長引いた原因の一つはこの人物らしい。彼としては、こう言う他なかったのだろう。前市長の息子は、問題を大きくしてしまった市を批判している。Vaccari市長周辺の動きは、現地で反対運動を行っているAustralia-Japan Community Networkのウェブサイトに詳しい。もしも像の設置が決まっていたら、市長はどう言ったろう？新聞はどんなタイトルをつけたろう？やはり「オーストラリアのデモクラシーの勝利」と言ったろうか？新聞はともかく、市長はこうは言わなかったような気がする。

確かに、慰安婦像のオーストラリア大陸進出はひとまず阻止された。しかし、誤解が解けたわけではない。カナダやオーストラリアは慰安婦像の設置を食い止めたが、現地の日本人は、歴史論争には踏み込まず、モニュメント設置（既成事実作り）を阻止することに専念する、いわば言いたいことも言わず我慢する作戦を取っているからである。

それでも、なんとなくオーストラリアの雰囲気が微妙に変わって来てはいまいか？住民へのアンケートの結果、慰安婦像を支持する声は少数で連邦政府も像の設置にいい顔をしていなかったようである。これは、像のテーマが市の規定に適っていないというだけの理由だろうか？議員の中には、市が反日団体に嵌められたとハッキリと言う者までいた。

それにしても、「オーストラリアの勝利！」・・・こういうのがウケるのは、やはり移民国家だからなのだろうか？

※Ourstrathfieldの記事は江川さんから

慰安婦像の挫折、デモクラシーの勝利

国際社会が見つめる中でのオーストラリア・デモクラシーの勝利というのが衆目の一致するところだった。ストラスフィールド議会は今夜、第二次大戦中のいわゆる慰安婦を追悼するモニュメント（像）の設置を見送ることを票決した。

この決定により、ストラスフィールドの広場がこのような記念碑に相応しいかどうかについて、長く、時に感情的となった議論に終止符を打たれると見られている。

この問題は、70年前、20万人の若い女性が朝鮮や中国やその他のアジアの国々から日本兵の性奴隷として連れ去られたという主張を巡る議論の渦中にある二つの国--日本と韓国でニュースになっていた。

この問題は大きな歴史論争となり、昨夜、この問題の為だけの特別議会が開かれたストラスフィールドの公民館にへと流れ込んだのである。

入り口を警備員が固める中、日本人と韓国人を主体とした160人を超える人々が、あるいは意見を表明する為に、あるいは聴衆となる為に集まった。

テレビの画面では三ヶ国語の実況解説が流れ、日英韓国語によるストラスフィールド・シーン（ローカル紙）の特別版が配られた。

一部で懸念されたような抗議活動には発展せず、討論は繊細にかつそつなく進められ、文明的だった。

議長を務めたVaccari市長は、三人の外国メディアのレポーターに向かい、「オーストラリアのデモクラシーの勝利です。オーストラリアのデモクラシーが生きていることを知りました」と語った。

結論が出るまでに15ヶ月を要したことについて長過ぎたと思うかと問われ、市長は「もっと早く片付けば良かったと思う。・・・だけど、キチンとする必要があったので」と答えた。

住民の意識調査の結果、過半数が碑に反対と分った。そして、オーストラリアの首相府と外務省に問い合わせた結果も。

6人の議員は無記名投票で、碑が市の方針に反すると言う議会のスタッフたちの勧告通り、設置の提案について実行しない方向に票を投じた。

記念碑は、地域住民の献身を記念する物であるべきだと議会スタッフらは報告していた。本件は、「市の記念碑の基準に合致しない」と。

Sang Ok議員は、自分は日本の戦争犯罪を追及する全豪州中韓連合の前（？ passed）議長だったという理由で議事には参加しなかった。

賛成反対双方から4名ずつ、8名の演説者が意見表明の為に5分ずつ時間を与えられた。退席する際、全員に拍手が送られた。

慰安婦問題はオーストラリアと日米の関係を不安定化させる陰謀であるという主張もあった。また、歴史の過ちを正すために像を建てて欲しいという訴えもあった。

日本人の妻が最近子供を出産した南アフリカ生まれのGlenn McRaeは、碑は「人道問題とも女性の人権問題とも関係ない」と主張した。

Peter Wertheimは会場に向かい、「多文化社会であるストラスフィールドで記念出来ずに、どこでやるのか？」と問うた。

McRae氏は、一部の移住者のコミュニティーは、オーストラリアに移民して来ても歴史的敵意を徹底していると主張した。「彼らは、我がオーストラリアの価値観を受け入れるべきだし、尊重すべきなのです」。

シドニー工科大でジェノサイドを教えるPanayiotis Diamadis博士は、イスラム国（ISS）が女性や若い娘を人身売買しているという話は、慰安婦問題によって提起された問題は今も生きている。碑は全ての民族の女性の為の物だと主張した。

前市長の息子でありストラスフィールド市のalderman（参事会員？市会議員？）でもある元新聞販売業Geoff Boyceは、記念碑に関する市議会のポリシーは地域の英霊の為の物というものであって、この碑には無理があると述べた。

「ここはオーストラリアであって・・・ここには韓国人や中国人やアメリカ市民の支部は存在しません。我々は皆オーストラリア人なのです」

彼は、議会の「幾分不注意」がこの問題をここまで大きくしてしまったと付け加えた。

シドニー・インナーウェスト区中華ビジネス連合と「日本の戦争犯罪を追及する全豪州中韓連合」のDong Dong Yang氏は、「この碑は・・・戦時下で苦しんだ全ての民族の女性を象徴する物です」と述べた。

しかし、ゴトウ・メイコは、この碑がオーストラリアの国家安全保障を損なう（？compromise）、日本は慰安婦問題について何度も謝罪して来たと主張した。

最後に21歳のYeo Ji Yanは、碑が全ての女性に対する暴力を抑止する役に立つと述べた。

Helen McLucas議員は、会場の人々に、これは市で扱うべき問題ではなかったのに「反日」組織によって「我々に押し付けられた」と話した。

地元のコミュニティからは碑に対する支持は無かったし、（オーストラリアの）ANZACデーに絡め、この碑が全ての女性に対する暴力を防止するなどと主張するのは「侮辱だ」と彼女は述べた。

「この碑は、地域に大きな分裂をもたらしている」と彼女は付け加えた。

Daniel Bott議員は、これは外務省が扱うべき問題であり、ストラスフィールド市の問題ではないと主張した。

Stephanie Kokkolis議員は、自分は、過半数が碑を支持しないと言っている住民の見解に従うことに決めたと述べた。Andrew Soulos議員は、これに同意し、時期的に不適当だと述べた。

Vaccari議員は、会場に向かってこう述べた。「戦争に勝者はない。男にとっても女にとっても、人間にとって悲劇なのです」。

「この話には二つの側面がある」ことを認めつつ、彼もまた、この問題は「ストラスフィールド市の手に余り」連邦政府が扱うべき問題だと主張した。

最後にRaj Datta議員が、このような討論の場が設けられることは、オーストラリアの勲章（オーストラリアへの贈り物）であると述べた。結局は、殆どの者が決定を受け入れ、「オーストラリア人として家路に着くのです」。

そういうわけで、集会は平和裏に解散となり、どうやらその通りになったようだ。

Ourstrathfield.com 2015.8.11[2] [原文]

ファイナンシャル・タイムズ「安倍は歴史を誤魔化し、近隣諸国の怒りを買った」

恐らくだが、安倍は「戦争中の歴史を恥じない」などと言ったことはないのだろう。しかし、彼は欧米メディアからそういう目で見られている。

ファイナンシャル・タイムズは安倍が「従軍慰安婦問題など日本の戦時中の歴史の一部をごまかすことに固執」したと言うが、慰安婦問題以外に何か思い当たることでもあるのだろうか？たぶんないだろう。FTタイムズは、安倍を慰安婦の存在を否定しようとした日本の右翼政治家として記憶しているに過ぎない。で、なんとなく、それ以外にも日本の戦時中の悪行を無かったことにしようとしていたのだろうと思っている。具体的に何？と聞かれれば返答に窮するだろう。

安倍は「戦時中の歴史の一部をごまかし」たわけでもなく、近隣諸国も本気で怒っていたわけではない。韓国などは怒る振りをして、日本を困らせていたに過ぎない。しかし安倍がこの様に誤解されるのは、彼自身にも原因がある。安倍は近いうちに首相に返り咲く。5年前の失言により、彼自身も誤解されたが、国際的に慰安婦問題が（間違った形で）広まった事で、日本国全体も見に覚えのない罪を着せられたのである。

安倍が総理大臣として任期中に5年前の汚名を晴らすことが出来るかどうか。出来なければ、彼も河野洋平と変わらない。動機の純粋性はどちらにも当て嵌るが、それで免責はされない。

（2012年12月10日付　英フィナンシャル・タイムズ紙）

自民安倍氏、消去法的な支持集める（社説）

自民党の安倍晋三総裁の復活は、最近の複雑な日本の政治状況においても最も不思議なことの１つといえる。５年前―そして５人前に―首相だった安倍氏が在職１年で突然辞任した時、復活を予想した人はほとんどいなかった。戦時中の歴史を恥じない「美しい国」を作るという目標を掲げたが、景気低迷に苦しむ国民には不人気だった。

■尖閣問題や民主党の失策などが追い風に

ただ、状況は大きく変わった。最も重要なのは、日本が実効支配する尖閣諸島について、中国が領有権を強く主張し始めたことだ。中国各地で激しい反日デモが起こり、多くの日本人に同国に対する懸念を抱かせた。この「尖閣ショック」が安倍氏に有利に働いた。日本は軍隊の保有を禁止する平和憲法を改正すべきだと主張しており、軍事費の増額も求めるとみられるからだ。

２番目の要因は、３年間で３人の首相が就任した民主党の失策だ。安倍氏の自民党が半世紀以上にわたり政治を支配した後、日本再生の期待を背景に民主党が2009年に政権を奪取した。もっとも民主党はチャンスを生かせず、日本は方向性を見いだせずにいる。

３番目の要因は、安倍氏がデフレ脱却に向け積極的な政策を検討していることだ。日銀に２～３％のインフレ目標を設定させ、目標達成まで紙幣を刷り続けるような総裁を任命するというアイデアをこれまでに示している。中央銀行の独立性を脅かさない限り、安倍氏の大胆な姿勢は歓迎すべきだ。むしろ、撤回するのがやや早過ぎた。

■幻想を抱いてはならない

もっとも、安倍氏に幻想を抱いてはならない。前回はひどい首相だった。国内ではリーダーシップと斬新なアイデアを欠いた。対外的には、従軍慰安婦問題など日本の戦時中の歴史の一部をごまかすことに固執し、近隣諸国の怒りを招いた。

リーダー候補として安倍氏がベストに見える理由は２つ。中国の誤った外交政策と、他に適任者を輩出できない日本の悲惨な政治状況だ。

日経 2012.12.10 （FT 2012.12.10）

植民地の女を娼婦にした軍隊は前例がない コリア・ヘラルド

これは去年のコリア・ヘラルドの社説。

In wars, armies kill civilians but there was no known precedent of any military systematically operating brothels with women taken from a colony. Japan simply cannot recognize and accept these most shameful deeds in its history.
（戦争においては、軍隊は市民を殺す、しかしいかなる軍隊も植民地から連れて来られた女性たちを使って組織的に売春宿をオペレートした先例は知られていない。日本は己の歴史の中のこの最も恥ずべき行為を認識することも受け入れることも出来ない）

植民地の女性を軍用娼婦として利用した前例なら、フランス軍が上げられる。日本軍の慰安婦そもそも自国民を戦地に連れて行ったのが基本。その中には、戦後独立した朝鮮や台湾の女性もいたが、最多数は日本人（内地人）であろうと言われている。

しかし、コリア・ヘラルドは1930年代後半から20万人までの幼い少女が朝鮮全土から動員され、戦場や日本の工場に送られた、と主張する。要するに、女子挺身隊→従軍慰安婦のイメージから卒業出来ないわけである。それは無知からかもしれないし、わざとやっているのかもしれない。

[Editorial] End of hard lives

Two old women whom the international media had called “former comfort women for the Japanese imperial army” died last week, ending their long hard lives. The deaths of Kim Seon-yi at a hospital in Ulsan on Thursday and Im Jeong-ja in Masan on the same day left 76 women of similar experiences alive. Kim was 83 and Im was 89.

Last year, which marked a century since Japan’s annexation of the Joseon Kingdom, 10 former comfort women passed away. Because of their advanced ages, the number of surviving women will rapidly be reduced while there is little hope that they will be able to fulfill their ardent wishes ― the Japanese government’s admission of guilt on the state level.

The old women from the government-arranged shelter, the House of Sharing, and some others from provinces have held their weekly demonstrations in front of the Japanese Embassy in Seoul to urge the Tokyo government to end its silence and make sincere apology and compensation. Young activists join them in the Wednesday rallies, which they say will continue until Japan changes its attitude and until the last comfort woman dies.

When Japan offered compensation in the name of a private foundation in 1995, the then administration of President Kim Young-sam rejected it and took relief measures for the unfortunate women. Various records revealed as many as 200,000 young girls were mobilized from across Korea from the late 1930s and were sent to war zones in Asia or some factories in Japan.

In wars, armies kill civilians but there was no known precedent of any military systematically operating brothels with women taken from a colony. Japan simply cannot recognize and accept these most shameful deeds in its history. But it cannot extricate itself from the state-level responsibility for the inhumanity by just denying it.

Ten or 20 years from now, there may no longer be a witness to testify the crime. Yet the souls of the victims would still be waiting for words of conscience from the authorities in Tokyo.

Korea Herald 2011.1.17

［資料・英語］South Korean protesters care for 'comfort woman' statue

・日本軍による（強制）連行
・朝鮮人女性だけで２０万人
・Jung-yoon Choi
・像の製作者の談話
・像への思い：家族のように

South Korean protesters care for 'comfort woman' statue
She sits there alone, day and night, no matter what the weather. Her gaze is fixed at the building just across the street –- the Japanese Embassy.

She’s a bronze statue in the shape of a young girl, placed here last month as a reminder of the 200,000 Korean women forced into sexual slavery by the Japanese during World War II.

The life-size statue was placed in downtown Seoul to mark the 1,000th weekly protest that a handful of surviving former sex slaves, known here as “comfort women,” had waged at the embassy. Commissioned to a husband-and-wife sculptor team and placed by a nongovernmental organization in Seoul, the statue has prompted the Japanese government to call for its removal.

For activists, the statue is more than a symbol. It is a cause to be kept alive. In the frigid days of winter, they have assembled each week to dress the statue as they would a child sentry.

The statue is dressed in a woolen cap, scarf and mittens, with a blanket wrapped around her lap.

“People have said that the girl looked so cold, so the day after the 1,000th protest I went to put on a hat or a scarf on the statue,” said a blogger who goes by the name of Mongu. “Then I saw a scarf, wrapped around the girl’s bare feet. I was very touched by that, and decided to carry on with ... the outfit.”

Now, every week, new clothes adorn the statue. Some passersby even leave pocket money by the figure.

Mongu said it’s important to show South Korean support for the former comfort women.

“From the Japanese Embassy’s point of view, they can see that Koreans are not neglecting the statue but tending to it with care, treating her like a family.”

The sculptor said he is satisfied with the buzz his creation has made. “I’ve gotten comments from people that they are moved to tears when they see the dressed girl,” Kim Wun-sung said.

But the statue has also been a backdrop for violence. This week, a man who said his grandmother had been a comfort woman stood near the statue as he lobbed several incendiary devices at the Japanese Embassy.

None exploded. The man faces criminal charges.

-- Jung-yoon Choi

Photo: The statue in Seoul that commemorates Korean women who were forced into sexual slavery by the Japanese Army during World War II is dressed in a woolen cap, scarf and mittens, with a blanket wrapped around her lap. Credit:  Matt Douma / For The Times

ロサンゼルス・タイムズ　2012.1.11

ナチ生存者.慰安婦ハルモニ「歴史的出会い」

ナチ生存者.慰安婦ハルモニ「歴史的出会い」

第2次世界大戦当時ドイツナチ治下で苦難に会ったホロコースト生存者らと日帝治下の慰安婦ハルモニの歴史的出会いがなされる。

ニューヨーク・ニュージャージー韓国人有権者センター(KAVC)とクィーンズコミュニティカルリジ コポボグホロコーストセンターは21日記者会見を開き、来月13日ホロコーストセンターで‘ホロコースト生存者と日本軍慰安婦おばあさんの出会い’行事を開催すると明らかにした。

今回の行事は8月からクィンズ コミュニティ カレッジで進行中の慰安婦おばあさんらの絵展示会<本誌8月12日付A1面>を準備している間ホロコースト生存者が韓国の日本軍慰安婦らを招請したいという意向を現わしながら成し遂げた。

フォーラム形式に進行される今回の行事は特に行事当日が日本軍慰安婦問題に抗議して韓国、日本大使館の前でなされた需要集会1,000回をむかえる日にその意味がより一層深いというのが主宰側の説明だ。

今回の行事で参席者は2次世界大戦当時ナチスドイツと日本軍が犯した反倫理的犯罪に対して証言し、人権を侵害した戦争犯罪の深刻性を世界に知らせる計画だ。 韓国では2007年米議会で日本軍慰安婦被害惨状を証言したイ・ヨンス・ハルモニなど慰安婦被害者2人が参加する予定だ。

ホロコースト生存者ハンヌ リーブだけはこの日記者会見で「日本軍慰安婦の状況を誰よりよく理解することができる"としながら」ホロコーストを認めて謝ったドイツと違い日本は慰安婦の存在を否認しているけれど、いつかは自分たちがあることを認めるだろう"と話した。

ホロコーストセンターは前に日本軍慰安婦問題を引き続き提起しながら日本に慰安婦の存在公式認定と謝罪を促すことにした。 このためにホロコーストセンターと韓国人有権者センターは翌月行事以後にホロコースト センター内に「アジア歴史インターンシップ プログラム」を開設することに合意した。このプログラムはニューヨーク地域の大学生たちを対象に東北アジア歴史に対する証言を収録して公式歴史資料を発刊して東北アジア歴史を正確に記録することを目的とする。

有権者センターのキム・トンチャン代表は「今回の行事は同時代のような痛みを体験したホロコースト生存者と日本軍慰安婦被害者がお互いの経験を分けて治癒する席になるだろう”と話した。 問い合わせ:718-961-4117 <ソ・スンジェ記者>

コリア・タイムズUSA 2011.11.22

나치 생존자.위안부 할머니 ‘역사적 만남’


제2차 세계대전 당시 독일나치 치하에서 고초를 겪었던 홀로코스트 생존자들과 일제 치하의 위안부 할머니들의 역사적 만남이 이뤄진다.


뉴욕·뉴저지 한인유권자센터(KAVC)와 퀸즈커뮤니티칼리지 커퍼버그 홀로코스트센터는 21일 기자회견을 갖고 내달 13일 홀로코스트센터에서 ‘홀로코스트 생존자와 일본군 위안부 할머니의 만남’ 행사를 개최한다고 밝혔다.


이번 행사는 8월부터 퀸즈 커뮤니티칼리지에서 진행 중인 위안부 할머니들의 그림전시회<본보 8월12일자 A1면>를 준비하던 중 홀로코스트 생존자들이 한국의 일본군 위안부들을 초청하고 싶다는 의사를 내비치면서 성사됐다.


포럼 형식으로 진행될 이번 행사는 특히 행사당일이 일본군 위안부 문제에 항의해 한국 일본 대사관 앞에서 이뤄져온 수요 집회 1,000회를 맞는 날로 그 의미가 더욱 깊다는 게 주최 측의 설명이다.


이번 행사에서 참석자들은 2차 세계대전 당시 나치 독일과 일본군이 저지른 반인륜적 범죄에 대해 증언하고 인권을 침해한 전쟁범죄의 심각성을 세계에 알릴 계획이다. 한국에서는 2007년 미 의회에서 일본군 위안부 피해참상을 증언한 이용수 할머니 등 위안부 피해자 2명이 참석할 예정이다.


홀로코스트 생존자 한느 리브만은 이날 기자회견에서 "일본군 위안부의 상황을 누구보다 잘 이해할 수 있다"면서 "홀로코스트를 인정하고 사과한 독일과 달리 일본은 위안부의 존재를 부인하고 있지만, 언젠가는 자기들이 한 짓을 인정할 것"이라고 말했다.


홀로코스트센터는 앞으로 일본군 위안부 문제를 계속해서 제기하면서 일본에 위안부의 존재 공식 인정과 사과를 촉구하기로 했다. 이를 위해 홀로코스트센터와 한인유권자센터는 다음 달 행사 이후에 홀로코스트 센터내에 `아시아 역사 인턴십 프로그램'을 개설하기로 합의했다.이 프로그램은 뉴욕지역 대학생들을 대상으로 동북아시아 역사에 대한 증언을 채록하고 공식 역사 자료를 발간해 동북아 역사를 정확하게 기록하는 것을 목적으로 한다.


유권자센터의 김동찬 대표는 “이번 행사는 동시대의 같은 아픔을 겪었던 홀로코스트 생존자와 일본군 위안부 피해자가 서로의 경험을 나누고 치유하는 자리가 될 것”이라고 말했다. 문의: 718-961-4117 <서승재 기자>

コリア・ヘラルド： 第一千回水曜デモに世界の支援求む

12月に予定されている一千回記念水曜デモについて報じるコリア・ヘラルドの記事。細かいツッコミはいちいち入れない。参考資料として、ここに転載した。推定5万から20万の若い女性が韓国を始めとしたアジア各地から日本軍の前線へ運ばれ、日に40回レイプされたと書いている。

基本的に海を渡って行ったのは広義の日本人、つまり内地人、（朝鮮）半島人、台湾人であり、その他のアジア人は現地採用だろう。数万人のアジアの女性が祖国で誘拐されて日本軍の駐屯地へ輸運ばれた・・・というイメージを定着させたいのだろう。日本大使館前の通りが「平和通り」と名付けられたとも言っているが、これは正式に改名されたという事だろうか？

さっそくこの記事をナヌムの家の関係者がカンボジアの人権活動家ソマリー・マム宛にtweetしている（上のスクリーンショット）。

日本ではこれに呼応する外務省包囲デモと、これに抗議するアンチデモが企画されている。このように、情報は常に世界へ向かって発信されている。大部分の人は学問的検証には興味はなく、イメージで良し悪しを語る。悪いイメージを持たれた方は不利になる。12月14日、どうなることやら。

One thousand protests on, sexual slavery victims still waiting for Japan’s ‘sorry’

She did not think it would end in this way. But Wednesday Dec. 14 will mark the 1,000th and final weekly protest by Pak Ok-seon and other surviving “comfort women” in Korea.

The survivors of mass organized sexual slavery at the hands of the Japanese military throughout the Asia-Pacific region up to World War II, have been demanding the Japanese government’s apology for almost twenty years.

The women ― many of whom are now in their late 80s ― have campaigned every Wednesday outside the Japanese Embassy in Seoul since 1992. But now they are growing too frail to attend each week.

“In order to resolve this issue we have to go out there and fight,” said Pak, who is now 87.

“I go out there because it is the only way to resolve this issue. The Japanese government needs to apologize and give reparations to survivors. The Japanese people also say they want to resolve this issue but the government refuses.”

She said it was “a shame” that their weekly protests were ending because “I want to continue fighting and demonstrating because that is the only thing that is going to help.

“It’s not that I want to keep demonstrating, but it is the only way to resolve the issue.”

Although she and the other remaining women are stepping down from their weekly podium, they and their supporters are not ready to accept defeat, pledging to keep telling their stories to keep the issue alive.

On the advice of a friend, Pak snuck out in the night from her home in Miryang, South Gyeongsang Province in 1941, in search of jobs and money to be made at a textiles manufacturing plant in China.

But instead of being recruited by Japanese occupying forces to work in the promised factory, she was taken with 20 other girls to a “comfort station” in Heilongjiang, Manchuria, where she was used as a sex slave for soldiers for four years.

The Korean Council for the Women Drafted for Military Sexual Slavery by Japan (the Korean Council) calls the “comfort women” system “a systematic and deliberate crime” committed by the Japanese government. Official historic records and personal testimonies have revealed that an estimated 50,000 ― 200,000 women from Japan’s occupied territories were forced into sexual slavery. Young women from Korea and other Asian nations were transported to Japan’s front lines ― in places like China, the Philippines and Taiwan ― where they were raped up to 40 times a day, starved, beaten, tortured and forced to have abortions if they fell pregnant.

Campaigners say that the Japanese government tried to cover up the atrocities at the end of the war ― destroying both records and witnesses through mass killings of comfort women.

“The war ended when I was 20 and still in a comfort station. The soldiers were trying to set the building that we lived in on fire and were trying to keep us from getting out, maybe to execute us,” recalled Pak.

“We got out and ran up into the mountains. In order to survive we had to go up into the mountains and ask for food, but the people there also did not have any food because it was wartime.”

Eventually, Pak found some ethnic Koreans living in the area, who took her in. She married one of the men and lived most of her life there.

She was eventually able to return to Korea in 2001 with the help of the House of Sharing, where she now lives with seven other “comfort women” survivors.

The house in Gwangju, Gyeonggi-do, is a sanctuary as well as a museum telling of the atrocities they suffered at the hands of Japanese soldiers. Visitors can attend information days and even spend the night with the women there.

A team of foreign and local volunteers leads English tours at the house and works to highlight the crimes suffered by its occupants, as well as sexual violence during war that women and children across the world continue to experience.

International outreach team volunteer Shannon Heit said, “These women were forced to stay at comfort stations against their will and raped and tortured every day.

“It is important to keep talking about these issues so that they will never be forgotten.”

Another volunteer, Fielding Hong, added, “I think that the Japanese government is just waiting for these women to die and that this issue will just go away.”

The House of Sharing volunteers and the Korean Council is calling on people to take part in an international solidarity campaign to ensure that this never happens.

The campaign will run from the International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women on Nov. 25 to Dec. 14 when the 1,000th protest will be held before the Japanese Embassy in Seoul at 12 p.m.

They are asking people around the world to hold rallies or cultural events in their own communities.

But support at home has not always been constant. The Korean constitutional court ruled in September on a petition filed in 2006 by a group of 109 comfort women that the Seoul government had violated their basic rights by failing to make efforts to help them settle their disputes with the Tokyo government.

The “halmoni” (grandmothers) at the House of Sharing also said their neighbors had challenged them for continuing to raise the issue and even thrown stones at them when they went for walks in the surrounding countryside.

Nevertheless, hundreds of supporters are expected to add their voices to the halmoni’s sevenfold call at the Dec. 14 protest in Seoul. Their demonstrations have called relentlessly for the Japanese government to: acknowledge the war crimes; reveal the entirety of military sexual slavery; make an official apology; make legal reparations; punish those responsible; accurately record the crime in history textbooks; and erect a memorial for the victims along with a historical museum.

A peace monument will be unveiled at the 1,000th demonstration to keep the presence of the halmoni alive in front of the Japanese Embassy in Seoul, on what has now been named Peace Street.

Pak and the seven other House of Sharing residents may not be able to continue demonstrating, but she hoped that others would keep visiting to hear their stories and help them fight for justice.

She said, “If people come to the House of Sharing I am happy, there is no other way for me to feel about that.”

By Kirsty Taylor

コリア・ヘラルド 2011.10.26

フォーカス台湾 「台湾は日本軍占領地だった」

台湾婦女救援基金会は日本政府が2,000人の台湾人女性を性奴隷制に強制したと主張する。そしてフォーカス台湾は、劉黄阿桃の死亡により、第二次大戦中の日本占領軍による被害を公にした台湾人女性の生存者は10名になったと伝えている。自国が「日本軍による占領地」であったというレトリックは、韓国系の運動家がよく使うが（欧米のメディアでそれに影響されている一例としては、一昨日紹介したボイス・オブ・アメリカの記事が上げられよう）、台湾のメディアもそれに感化されたか。

"Wartime coerced sexual victims"とは、英語にしても変な表現だと思うが、これは「戦時性的強制被害者（問題解決法案）」というヘンテコリンな日本語の英訳である。鄭大均によると、反共陣営を批判するのに「強制」という言葉を多用したのが北朝鮮系のメディアで、この影響があって「進歩的日本人」がこの言葉を好むようになったようである。「強制連行」という言葉が使い辛くなった、という事情もあるのかもしれない。

「戦時性的強制被害者問題の解決の促進に関する法律案」といえば、婦女救援基金会は民主党に期待している。 "Now that the DPJ is in power, these groups think it is a good time to start pushing again for the bill（民主党が与党になった今、この法案を改めて推進するのにいい機会だとこれらの団体は考えている）"　。恐らく台湾よりも日本をよく研究している韓国の支援団体はここまで楽観的ではないだろう。

元慰安婦が高齢化したことから、謝罪よりも彼女たちの余生の心の平安へと目標を変更したとも婦女救援基金会は言う。台湾の事情は韓国とはちょっと違うと思われるが、韓国では日陰に生きてきた元慰安婦が一躍国民的アイドルになった。そういった意味で支援団体の活動は元慰安婦に精神上よい効果ももたらしたろうが、同時に彼女たちを反日カードに利用する為に、あえて彼女たちの心をかき乱してきたという側面もあるのではないか（ただし、台湾での支援運動には反日色は薄い）？

台北市は同市の大同区に慰安婦の為の記念館を作ることに口頭で同意したと言う。

Taiwanese comfort women will fight on

Friends and relatives of the first Taiwanese woman to stand up and accuse the Japanese government of forcing some 2,000 of Taiwanese women into sex slavery during World War II attended her funeral Saturday in Kaohsiung.

Liu Huang A-tao, who led eight other former "comfort women" in Taiwan to file a lawsuit against the Japanese government in 1999, died earlier this month at the age of 90, without obtaining the apology she had long sought.

Liu Huang's death leaves only 10 other Taiwanese women who have openly spoken of their suffering at the hands of Japanese occupying forces during World War II.

Kang Shu-hua, executive director of Taipei Women's Rescue Foundation, said her organization will continue its 20-year efforts to help Taiwanese comfort women seek justice and compensation from Japan.

"We will continue working closely with our Japanese counterparts to seek a public apology and compensation from the Japanese government," she said in an interview with CNA.

"For years, we have maintained frequent exchanges with Japanese groups that support our calls," Kang said, adding that these groups are waiting for the right time to again propose a bill on compensation for wartime coerced sexual victims.

The proposal was raised in 2001 for the first time in Japan's legislature by lawmakers from the then-opposition Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ). Now that the DPJ is in power, these groups think it is a good time to start pushing again for the bill, Kang said.

Asked about the foundation's support of comfort women since the issue was first brought up two decades ago, Kang said it initially focused on helping them seek compensation from the Japanese government through litigation.

However, that did not go smoothly and Liu Huang and other victims lost the lawsuit against the Japanese government in 2002, she said.

"As these women are now in their late 80s, we have shifted our focus to help them find peace at this stage of their lives," she said. "To this end, we have created a support system among the women, their families and other groups."

The foundation also lodged a protest against the Japanese government in August at the Japan Interchange Association in Taipei, as it has been doing each year. This was part of an international campaign launched in conjunction with other countries such as South Korea and the Philippines where women suffered the same fate, Kang said.

In addition, Kang said, the foundation is calling for the establishment of a memorial hall dedicated to Taiwan's comfort women, which will serve as an important reminder of their sad and painful history.

"The Taipei City government has made a verbal promise to set up a memorial hall in a historical building in the Datong District," she said.

Like many other victims, Liu Huang was duped into service in Southeast Asia, being told she would work as a nurse but actually was forced into providing sex services to Japanese soldiers in 1942.

She was injured during a battle three days after she landed in Indonesia. As a result, she had to have a hysterectomy. She kept all these tribulations to herself after she returned to Taiwan in 1945.

But decades later, the Korean comfort women's assertion that "it is not us, but the Japanese government that should feel ashamed" prompted Liu Huang to come forward and make a public accusation of atrocities by Japanese forces.

"I was the treasure of my parents, but I was so hurt by the Japanese government," Liu Huang said at that time.

"As the Japanese army robbed us of our virginity, it's not too much to demand an apology from the government." By Elaine Hou, CNA Staff

Focus Taiwan 2011.9.4

慰安婦博物館12月10日開館 [なお6500万円不足]

慰安婦博物館のニュースは先月も取り上げたが、その時は日本大使館前に計画されている「慰安婦の碑」の方に注目していて、挺対協が独立記念公園内を諦めて別の場所に博物館の建設予定地を決定していたことを見落としていた。結局、右翼団体（韓国）の抵抗を突破できなかったという事らしい。

調べてみると、当初予定していた新館の建設も諦め、既存の建物を改築することにしたらしい。しかもどうやら住宅用の物件。当初の企画をスケールダウンしたにも関わらず、まだ9億ウォン（6500万円）足りないというので、盛んに寄付を募っている。

当初建設が予定されていた建物

住宅用の物件？の改装に変更

博物館の正式名称は「戦争と女性の人権博物館」であるが、ハンギョレの英字版でも‘comfort women’ museumとなっているので、「慰安婦博物館」と呼んで差し支えないだろう。

こういった企画があると必ず「ハルモニ（慰安婦）の呼びかけで」などと発表されるが、実際の発案者はユン・ミヒャンら、支援団体とみられる。開館日は12月10日に決まったようだ。独立公園内にこだわるより、元慰安婦の高齢化の方が心配なのだろう。寄付も慰安婦がいてこそだろうし、その寄付もまだ十分ではない様子。挺対協によれば、政府やソウル市からは資金の補助は受けていないというから、ポスト・ハルモニ時代をどう乗り越えるかが思案のしどころといったところか。

8年目に迫った（？）「慰安婦博物館」성미（Seongmi）山に建設

光復会など「烈士の名誉毀損」独立公園内建設反対挺身隊対策協「一刻を争い」敷地変更…募金運動出て


政府とソウル市、独立運動有功者団体の外面の中に8年を引っ張った「戦争と女性人権博物館」が新しく敷地を定めて建設基金用意のための募金に出た。 博物館は慰安婦ハルモニたちの苦痛と戦争の痛みを再確認して平和と人権を習う「平和人権国際センター」で運営される予定だ。

韓国挺身隊問題対策協議会(挺身隊対策協)は21日午前ソウル、麻浦区、城山洞の博物館新しい敷地で記者会見を行って、博物館建設に着手すると明らかにした。 博物館建設議論は慰安婦おばあさんが80才を越えて一つ二つ亡くなった去る2003年始まった。 「私たちの真実を見て習って再び戦争と暴力ない世の中を作ってくれ」という慰安婦ハルモニたちの呼び掛けが契機になった。 慰安婦ハルモニは政府から受けた生活補助金100～200万ウォンずつを博物館建設のために出し、意ある市民らの寄付で現在まで17億ウォンを集めた。 2006年にはソウル市が西大門独立公園の中売店建物敷地に博物館を作れるように許可し、2008年には最終事業かも受けた。

しかし2008年11月光復会と愛国烈士遺族会が「殉国烈士が祭っている独立公園中に慰安婦博物館を作るのは殉国烈士に対する名誉毀損であり、日帝によって受難だけ当てられた民族という歪曲された歴史意識を植えつけてくれることになる」として反対し始め、博物館建設が難関に突き当たった。 ソウル市は売店建物に対する滅失かを今日明日と延ばし、その間に11人の慰安婦ハルモニが亡くなった。 結局挺身隊対策協は一刻もはやく博物館を作るためにソウル市内あちこちを物色して結局성미山の裾の城山洞に敷地を定めることとなった。

ユン・ミヒャン博物館建設委員会共同常任委員長(挺身隊対策協常任代表)は「世界人権宣言記念日の来る12月10日に開館する予定」としながら「博物館は展示・教育を越えて日本慰安婦問題と戦時性暴行解決のための連帯運動の職人なるだろう”と明らかにした。 慰安婦被害者のキム・ボクトン(86)おばあさんも“(博物館が)国ない世の中と戦争を体験してみることができない人々の勉強部屋になるだろう”と期待した。 キムおばあさんは“日本がまだ誤りを悔いないでいるだけに慰安婦問題解決のために政府が先に出なければならない”として慰安婦問題の早急な解決も促した。

博物館建設委員会側は“前に建物リモデリングと運営費のために9億ウォンがさらに必要だ”として“1万である建設委員を集めて基金を集める予定”と明らかにした。 建設委員加入は挺身隊対策協(02-365-4016,www.womenandwar.net)を通じてすることができる。

ハンギョレ　2011.7.21

New site selected for ‘comfort women’ museum

Families of independence activists long opposed approval for the museum in Seodaemun Independence Park

A new location has been set for the War and Women’s Human Rights Museum, with efforts launched to raise money for a construction fund.

At a press conference Thursday morning at the new museum site in the Seongsan neighborhood of Seoul’s Mapo District, the Korean Council for the Women Drafted for Military Sexual Slavery by Japan (Korean Council) announced that it was beginning work on building the museum. Discussions on building the museum began in 2003 as women who had been drafted as “comfort women” in the past entered their eighties and began to pass away one by one. The women had been coerced to serve as sex slaves for the Japanese military during World War II. The starting point was an appeal by former comfort women asking to “help create a world without any more war or violence as people see and learn from the truth about us.”

The women each donated one to two million won ($951 to $1,901) from the livelihood subsidies they received from the government, and a total of 1.7 billion won has been raised to date through contributions from supporters. In 2006, the city of Seoul granted permission to build the museum on the site of a store building in Seodaemun Independence Park, with final project approval granted in 2008.

But the construction ran into a hurdle in November 2008 when the Association for Surviving Family Members of Martyrs for the Country and Korea Liberation Association announced their opposition. The argument was that it would defame patriotic martyrs to have the comfort women’s museum built within Independence Park where they are enshrined, and that it might instill the “distorted historical perception of a race that merely experienced suffering at the hands of the Japanese empire.”

The city continued to put off its approval for the store building demolition, during which time 11 former comfort women died. Finally, the Korean Council decided to search throughout central Seoul to locate a site and hasten the building process, before finally selecting the Seongsan site at the foot of Mt. Seongmi.

Korean Council Secretary General Yun Mi-hyang said plans were under way to open the museum on December 10, Universal Declaration of Human Rights Day.


“Beyond its exhibition and education functions, the museum will be a setting for a collective campaign to resolve the issues of comfort women in Japan and wartime sexual violence,” Yun added.

The museum’s construction committee said it would require 900 million won for future remodeling and operating expenses.

“We plan to raise the money through the collective efforts of the ten thousand construction committee members,” it said. (Web site: www.womenandwar.net)

ハンギョレ 2011.7.21

8년째 막힌 ‘위안부 박물관’ 성미산에 짓는다


광복회 등 “선열 명예훼손” 독립공원내 건설 반대
정대협 “한시가 급해” 부지변경…모금운동 나서


정부와 서울시, 독립운동 유공자단체의 외면 속에 8년을 끌었던 ‘전쟁과 여성인권 박물관’이 새롭게 터를 잡고 건립기금 마련을 위한 모금에 나섰다. 박물관은 위안부 할머니들의 고통과 전쟁의 아픔을 되새겨 평화와 인권을 배우는 ‘평화인권국제센터’로 운영될 예정이다.
한국정신대문제대책협의회(정대협)는 21일 오전 서울 마포구 성산동의 박물관 새 부지에서 기자회견을 열고, 박물관 건립에 착수한다고 밝혔다. 박물관 건립 논의는 위안부 할머니들이 80살을 넘어 하나둘씩 세상을 뜨던 지난 2003년 시작됐다. “우리의 진실을 보고 배워서 다시는 전쟁과 폭력없는 세상을 만들어 달라”는 위안부 할머니들의 호소가 계기가 됐다. 위안부 할머니들은 정부로부터 받은 생활보조금 100~200만원씩을 박물관 건립을 위해 내놓았고, 뜻있는 시민들의 성금으로 현재까지 17억원을 모았다. 2006년에는 서울시가 서대문 독립공원 안 매점건물 부지에 박물관을 지을 수 있도록 허가했고, 2008년에는 최종 사업인가도 받았다.


그러나 2008년 11월 광복회와 애국선열유족회가 “순국선열들이 모셔져 있는 독립공원 안에 위안부 박물관을 짓는 것은 순국선열에 대한 명예훼손이고, 일제에 의해 수난만 당한 민족이라는 왜곡된 역사의식을 심어 줄 수 있다”며 반대하고 나서 박물관 건립이 난관에 부딪쳤다. 서울시는 매점건물에 대한 멸실인가를 차일피일 미뤘고, 그 사이에 11명의 위안부 할머니들이 숨졌다. 결국 정대협은 한시라도 빨리 박물관을 짓기 위해 서울 시내 곳곳을 물색하다 결국 성미산 자락인 성산동에 터를 잡게 됐다.


윤미향 박물관 건립위원회 공동상임위원장(정대협 상임대표)은 “세계인권선언기념일인 오는 12월10일에 개관할 예정”이라며 “박물관은 전시·교육을 넘어 일본 위안부 문제와 전시 성폭력 해결을 위한 연대운동의 장이 될 것”이라고 밝혔다. 위안부 피해자인 김복동(86) 할머니도 “(박물관이) 나라 없는 세상과 전쟁을 겪어보지 못한 사람들의 공부방이 될 것”이라고 기대했다. 김 할머니는 “일본이 아직도 잘못을 뉘우치지 않고 있는 만큼 위안부 문제 해결을 위해 정부가 먼저 나서야 한다”며 위안부 문제의 조속한 해결도 촉구했다.


박물관 건립위원회 쪽은 “앞으로 건물 리모델링과 운영비를 위해 9억원이 더 필요하다”며 “1만인 건립위원을 모아 기금을 모을 예정”이라고 밝혔다. 건립위원 가입은 정대협(02-365-4016, www.womenandwar.net)을 통해 할 수 있다. 박태우 기자 ehot@hani.co.kr

慰安婦の母は自殺？ティファニー・ション監督

後回しにしようかと思ったが、一応記事だけは紹介しておこう。日本語メディアでも紹介されるようになった慰安婦問題に光を当てたドキュメンタリーを製作中のティファニー・ションに関する記事。

読んで分かるように、彼女の語っているイメージは古い。恐らく韓国でも最近はこんな事を言っていないだろう。韓国の慰安婦研究が日本から20年遅れている（故意に遅らせている気配もある）とすれば、アメリカ・カナダは10年前の韓国のレベルといったところか。お決まりの、「これは現在の問題でもある！」も。

ションは、目標としていた5万ドルの内、すでに4万7千ドルの寄付を集めることに成功したという（その後の報道で目標額を突破したことが明らかにされた）。「多くの慰安婦が自殺しようとした」「娘を連行された母親たちの中には自殺した者もいた」・・・ほとんど都市伝説レベルの話を語っている。

Filmmaker tells stories of 'comfort women'

While on a study tour to Taiwan in 2009, Toronto filmmaker Tiffany Hsiung learned about an oft-overlooked element of the Second World War that changed her life forever.
Like most people, Hsiung was unaware of the "comfort women" who were taken from their homes and treated as sex slaves by soldiers throughout Asia during the war. Once she learned about the practice and the horrors those women faced, she decided she had to do something to shed light on the atrocities committed.

She set out to make a film, dubbed Within Every Woman (www.wewoman.org), to educate people about their plight, taking three extra months after her planned tour ended to speak with women who have been forced to live with the memory of their slavery.

Hsiung said she was shocked to learn that more than 200,000 girls were forced into sexual slavery, some as young as nine years old.

"A lot of them never even knew what sex was when they were forced into it," the filmmaker said.

Many committed suicide when they were captured rather than submit to rape by soldiers, while the mothers of some killed themselves after their daughters were taken.

For those who survived, living with the shame and guilt associated with their abuse has been a horrifying ordeal. Due to social taboos, many did not feel comfortable telling others of the sexual abuse they faced and were forced to bear their pain in silence.

"For a lot of women, it was years and years of self-imprisonment, not being able to share these details with their own families," Hsiung said. "Some were taken for a period of two to three weeks, four months, five months, to as long as two to three years. If you can survive being a comfort woman for two or three years and try to find a life after that, it's incredible."

Within Every Woman focuses on the stories of three women in detail and offers a greater overview on the use of "comfort women" in several Asian countries throughout the war. While the film looks at events during the Second World War, Hsiung noted the stories can have an impact on the lives of people even today.

"This may have happened 70 years ago but even today, sexual violence is still kept in darkness," she said. "I hope this helps a lot of young women come forward and not wait to talk about it if they've had to deal with sexual violence."

Hsiung, a graduate of Jarvis Collegiate Institute and Ryerson University, grew up in downtown Toronto in the Yonge and College streets area.

Her university thesis, Binding Borders, has earned accolades including the William F. Whites Equipment Grant Award, the Best Toronto Focus Film Award and the People's Choice Award at the 2007 Cabbagetown Film Festival.

The filmmaker is currently looking for funding to help share the stories of the former "comfort women," and has taken to the Internet to raise the $50,000 it will take to complete the project.

As of press time Tuesday, she had raised more than $47,000 of the $50,000 she needed at a fundraising website (http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/lucyzhao/within-every-woman-the-documentary-film) and hopes to raise the rest by the end of day Thursday, June 30.

Hsiung said the support she has received has reinforced the importance of her work.

"It's really hard to get funding for a project like this, but the online campaign shows me that this film needs to be made," she said.

InsideToronto Article 2011.6.28

国際婦人デー 10のテーマ

国際婦人デーに関連して、慰安婦のニュースもチラホラあったが、後回しになってしまった。今年は国際婦人デー100周年だったらしい。

そんな中で、ここでは10の課題が選ばれてリストになっている。で、不思議なことに、日本政府だけが謝罪を求められている。女性問題の専門家であっても、慰安所システムを採用した、あるいは利用したのは日本だけだと思っているのだろう。なぜ韓国や日本の運動体はその辺を訂正して、より多くの女性たちを救おうとしないのか？

解説によると、第二次大戦中、日本政府は日本兵の性奴隷にするために家々から若い女性を強制的に連れ出したのだという。その数、50万人という。

もちろん、Rebecca Priceという女性の紹介するこのリストで取り上げられているのは、日本の女性問題だけではない。アメリカの監獄でのセクハラ問題も取り上げられている。 しかし、国策として女性を虐待したと責められているのは日本だけである。

Comfort Women Ask Japan for Formal Apology

During World War II, the Japanese government forcibly removed young girls from their homes and used them as sex-slaves for Japanese soldiers. Known as "comfort women," the girls were taken from Taiwan, Korea, China, the Philippines and other countries, and some estimate the number of victims at 500,000. For the past several decades, the surviving comfort women, with the help of women's rights groups, have been petitioning and filing lawsuits with the government of Japan for formal recognition and an apology for these acts.

The Huffington Post　2011.3.8　（一部）

この記事の中で取上げられている10のテーマ：

1. For Afghan Wives, a Desperate, Fiery Way Out
2. Rape Kit Testing Backlog Thwarts Justice for Victims
3. Comfort Women Ask Japan for Formal Apology
4. Women at Risk for Sexual Abuse in U.S. Immigration Detention Centers
5. India Relies on "Two-Finger" Test to Verify Rape
6. The Razor and the Damage Done: Female Genital Mutilation in Kurdish Iraq
7. Indictment: Somali Gangs Ran Sex Ring in 3 States
8. Guinea Shaken By Wave Of Rapes During Crackdown
9. Yemen Child Bride "Bleeds to Death"
10. Protests Raise Hope for Women's Rights in Egypt

彼女が参考資料として上げているのは、なんと昨年のマリコ・カトウによるジャパン・タイムズの記事である（しっかりと性奴隷という用語が使われている。JTにも困ったものである）。

Rebecca Priceについて：

Rebecca Price is the creator of Chick History, a website dedicated to finding new ways to tell women’s stories and contributions for everyone to enjoy and learn. She has been working in the museum field for over 10 years at museums, historic homes and national associations. She holds an M.A. in Museums Studies from George Washington University and is also the Director of Marketing for the American Association for State and Local History.


関連エントリー：　国際婦人デー100周年韓国での目玉はFACE

ハルモニの美談伝えるコリア・ヘラルド--嘘を混じえつつ？

慰安婦ハルモニたちが、過去の恨みを超えて震災に見舞われた日本の為に涙を流しているという美談は、日本語でも韓国語でも発信されている。・・・そして英語でもだ。自分は、もうハルモニたちも本気で「名誉と尊厳の回復」を訴えてはいないのだろうと思っている。

だからこういったニュースも、どうしても冷めた目で見てしまうのだが、例によって韓国の英字紙にはさりげなく、情報操作の痕跡が・・・。「歴史家によると、日本政府は主に中国と韓国から20万人の女性を強制的に性奴隷にした」とコリア・ヘラルドの記事は伝えている。相変わらずである。

日本の若い旅行者の姿もあったが、インタビューを拒否されたとも書かれている。慰安婦問題が解決すれば、日韓の友好の絆は深まるだろうという関係者の発言も空疎に聞こえる。この時点では、宮城県在住のソン・シンド（元慰安婦）の消息が不明であったことから、ハルモニたちも他人ごとではなかっただろう。

Former Korean 'comfort women' pray for Japan

Seoul (The Korea Herald/ANN) - Frail-looking grandmothers gathered again Wednesday (March 16) in front of the Japanese Embassy in Seoul.

They were former "comfort women," who were forced to provide sex to the Japanese army during World War II.

However, there were no chants denouncing the Japanese government, which has yet to issue an official apology to them.

This time a silent tribute for 10 minutes was followed after a brief memorial address for the victims, their bereaved family members and other survivors in the wake of the deadly earthquake and tsunami which struck the northeastern coast of Japan.

"We hate their past wrong, not the people. We offer our deep condolences to those who lost loved ones," said Gil Won-ok, 84.

"I still remember vividly my scar 70 years ago. That's why I can understand the current sufferings of Japanese people more than anyone else," said Gil, who had her uterus removed at age 15 as a result of sexual slavery for the Japanese army in northern China.

Since 1992, the elderly women have participated in the weekly demonstrations every Wednesday at noon outside the Japanese Embassy, together with activists and citizens.

There was only one exception when a powerful earthquake hit the Japanese city Kobe in August, 1995. In the wake of the disaster, more than 6,000 people lost their lives.

"There were some grandmothers who requested to cancel today's gathering considering the Japanese situation. After discussions, we decided to hold a memorial event," said Yoon Mi-hyang, head of the Korean Council for Women Drafted for Military Sexual Slavery by Japan.

The civic group has supported the former comfort women in their efforts to call for an official apology and compensation from the Japanese government, offering shelter for those financially struggling.

Wednesday's meeting was also aimed to ask both Korean and Japanese governments to find another comfort woman, Song Shin-do who was living in the Miyagi region, which was hit hard by the double disasters on Friday.

Fortunately, the woman was confirmed to have been rescued two days ago and stayed at a shelter.

"An activist in Japan called me and said the grandma was OK," said Lee Yong-soo, 83, who had met former Japanese Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama, then secretary general of the Democratic Party, in 1998 to request apology from Tokyo.

"I just couldn't move after watching news report on the earthquake in Japan. I hope Japanese people work together to rebuild the country as soon as possible," Lee said, adding that she arrived from Daegu, some 300 kilometers south of Seoul, where she lives, in order to express her sympathy for Japanese people.

The normally modest event of dozens of activists and nuns received unusual media attention on Wednesday amid a widening crisis in Japan. Foreign media as well as domestic reporters attended the gathering.

There were also some young Japanese tourists who dropped by the scene. However, they declined to allow an interview, saying they had no idea about the issue.

Yoon, the group leader, agreed that the Korean government's active efforts to help Japan were a good thing.

However, she pointed out that current humanitarian exchanges are not enough to resolve the decades-old tensions between two bitter rivals.

"If their historical issues, including compensation for former comfort women, had already been solved, this could have been a great opportunity to strengthen our friendship," Yoon said.

"Japan should face their past wrongs more sincerely. The Korean government also should request compensation more strongly, clearly."

The group said it plans to continue holding the weekly demonstrations but they would keep a low profile for some time.

Historians estimate that the Japanese government coerced nearly 200,000 women, mostly from Korea and China, into sexual slavery at army bases in Asia before and during World War II.

It was only in the early 1990s that some of the women started to speak up about their ordeals.

Most of the women are now in their 80s. Only 86 women are still living out of the 234 registered in government data.

Korea Herald 2011.3.17

同様の英文報道：

Former Sex Slaves Express Sympathy For Japan Earthquake Victims　By Andy Jackson　Eurasia Review

イ・オクソンの最後の願い

イ・オクソンという人は、当初は兵隊に誘拐されたとは言っていなかった。彼女の証言の変遷については、こちらのサイトに詳しい（名前が紛らわしくて申し訳ないが、当サイトとは無関係）。彼女は最近オランダのラジオ局の取材を受けていたが、その証言はさらに過激になっていた。いずれ紹介できると思う（こればっか）。

とにかく、韓国の新聞は、英字版だとかなりハメを外すキライがある。

国史が選択科目になる云々という話は、先日もちらっと出て来たが、こういった細かい所でもハルモニを政治利用しているのを見ると、ちょっとどうかな、と思う。

84歳のイ・オクソン（李玉仙）は、手の上のハガキの山を読みながら裏返す。ハガキには「ハルモニ、サランヘヨ（お婆ちゃん、愛してる）。Happy New Year」と書かれている。

最後の三つだけ英語で、あとは韓国語だ。短いが心温まるメッセージは、李がアメリカやカナダの人々から受け取る沢山のメッセージの一つだ。

「この若い女性は歴史の先生なの。私の話を聞いてから、歴史をもっと理解し教えることが出来るようになったからと、毎年お礼にカードを送ってくれるんです」と特別な物語を持つ李は言う。彼女は、第二次大戦中、朝鮮半島を侵略した日本軍によって性奴隷として動員された「慰安婦」の数少ない生き残りの一人だ。現在、李は京畿道広州市にある元慰安婦の為のグループ・ホームで暮らす。

李がウルサン（蔚山）で日本の軍人たちに誘拐されたのは15の時だった。ちょっと用たしに出た所を捕まった。日本軍によってさらわれた他の少女たちと一緒に李は中国へ送られ、日本軍のバラックで慰安婦として三年間過ごした。李によると、休日になると50人もの兵隊がドアの外に並んだという。

兵士による激しい暴行のため、李の聴力と視力は激しく損なわれた。あまりに酷かったので、彼女は「台無しになって帰ってきた」。

1966年、李は自分の体験談を持って公に出る決意をした。

「私たちは『慰安婦の印を掲げる（かける）』と言ってるの」と李は言う。

李は米国、中国、日本、カナダやフィリピンといった沢山の国々を旅するようになる。慰安婦の真実を伝えるために。

「歴史を語って欲しいと言われて、他に選択肢はなかったの」女性センターの彼女の部屋の中で、外国の学生たちと撮った数えきれない自分の写真に囲まれて李は語る。

今となっては彼女の話ははかない思い出である。なぜなら李は病んでおり、生存する少ない慰安婦の殆ども同様だからだ。

「心臓も肝臓も悪いんです。死ぬ前に（日本から）謝罪を受けなければならないんです」狭心症も患う李は言う。彼女は昨年心臓の手術をし、時間が残されていないと気に病んでいると言う。

2010年の初めの時点で、韓国政府に登録された慰安婦は88人いた。しかし、たった一年でその人数は76人にまで減った。9人が昨年亡くなり、１月13日にさらに二人が亡くなった。

「まだまだ我が国には慰安婦問題について知らない人がたくさんいます。私は『慰安婦のサイン』を掲げて彼らに知らせているのです」。彼女の声は次第に小さくなった。

韓国の高校で国史の授業が選択科目になると聞いて、李は言葉を失った。

「私たち老いたお婆ちゃんは世を去る時なの。若い人たちは歴史を知るべき。私たちの純潔は15歳の時に奪われ、踏みにじられました。だけど（日本人は）、そんな事はしなかったと言ってるの」と李は言った。「私たちの娘たちは、歴史を知らなかったからといって同じ目に遭ってはならないのです」。

JoongAng Ilbo 2011.1.22

Last wish of former ‘comfort woman’

Lee Ok-sun, 84, turns over a pile of cards in her hands as she reads the words of one, which says: “Halmoni, Saranghaeyo [Grandmother, I love you]. Happy New Year.”

With the last three words in English and the rest scrawled in Korean, the short but heartfelt message is one of many Lee has received from people in the United States and Canada.

“This young woman is a history teacher. She sends me cards every year to thank me, saying she understands and teaches history better since she listened to my lecture,” said Lee, who has a special story to tell. She is one of the few remaining “comfort women” of Korea, who were drafted by the Japanese military as sex slaves during the Japanese invasion of the Korean Peninsula in World War II. Lee now lives in a group home for former comfort women in Gwangju, Gyeonggi.

Lee was just 15 when she was kidnapped by Japanese soldiers in Ulsan. She had just come outside to go on an errand when she was taken. Along with other young girls who were snatched by the Japanese military, Lee was sent to China and spent three years as a comfort woman in the Japanese barracks. According to Lee, on holidays as many as 50 soldiers would be lined up outside her door.

Because of the severe beatings from the soldiers, Lee’s hearing and vision were greatly impaired, so much so that she “came back mutilated.”

In 1996, Lee made the decision to go public with her story.

“We call it ‘hanging up the comfort woman sign,’” Lee said.

Lee began traveling through numerous countries — including the U.S., China, Japan, Canada and the Philippines — to tell the truth about the comfort women.

“I had no choice but to speak, when [they] were pleading for me to tell them about the history,” said Lee, surrounded by countless pictures of herself with foreign students in her room at the women’s center.

Now the lectures are fond memories because Lee is ailing, as nearly all of the last few comfort women are.

“My heart is bad. My kidneys are bad, too. I should receive an apology [from Japan] before I die,” said Lee, who also suffers from angina. She had heart surgery last year and says she is worried she is running out of time.

As of early 2010, there were 88 former comfort women registered by the Korean government.

But in just a year, their numbers have dwindled to 76. Nine women passed away last year and three others passed away on Jan. 13.

“There are still so many people in our country who don’t know about the comfort women issue. I put on the ‘comfort woman sign’ to let them know...” she trailed off.

Lee was at a loss for words when she was informed that history would become an elective course for Korean high school students this year.

“It is time for us old grandmothers to die. Young people should know the history and help. Our purity was taken away from us and trampled on at fifteen. But [the Japanese] are saying that they didn’t do it,” said Lee. “Our daughters shouldn’t have to go through the same thing because they don’t know the history.”

共同の「性奴隷」記事でジャパン・トゥデイのコメ欄プチ炎上

11月27日の共同通信の記事を読んで、日本の英字紙は日本に対する誤解を助長することはあっても、その逆はないと嘆いたばかりだが（共同通信の執着【60万署名提出行動③】英文記事 ）、またも共同通信を取り上げることになった。この記事で、ジャパン・トゥデイのコメント欄が最近では珍しいくらい盛り上がっている。

相変わらず「日本はドイツと違って過去の清算をしていない」とか「安倍首相は日本は慰安所に関わっていないと言った」といった類のコメントが多い。日本人が反論しても「日本人は『ユニーク』だ」で片づけられたり。日本人カワイソ。

こういう議論は日本語の掲示板でも数年前までは珍しくなかったから仕方がないのかもしれないが、共同通信にしろThe Asahi Shinbunにしろ。少しは「溝」を埋める努力をしてくれてもいいのに・・・。どのみち、こういった記事は中央日報やハンギョレの英字版が出すのだから。

この記事の日本語版は昨日のエントリーで紹介した（慰安婦問題で日韓の弁護士会共闘【共同と中央日報の報道】）。「60万署名提出行動」の時と同じで、取材先の言い分だけを発信して解説は加えないから、一方的な内容になってしまう。

外国人はバイアスのかかった先入観はあっても日本の内情には疎いから、かつて日弁連の委員長が一生懸命北朝鮮の「拉致疑惑」を否定したりしていたものだが、そういう事は知らない。

その上で、共同通信などが紛らわしい書き方をするから困るのである。

悲しいことだが日本人と議論するのは時間の無駄、彼らは「ユニーク」すぎるのかもという投げやりなコメントも

さて、共同通信の英文記事だが、冒頭から「Korean ‘‘comfort women’’ who were forced into wartime brothels for the Japanese military（日本軍に戦時売春宿に強制的に入れられた韓国人「慰安婦」）」といった具合。　こんな事は日本語版には書いてない。


百歩譲って（韓国人）慰安婦の中には本人の意思に反して慰安所で働いていた人がいて、その事で日本軍を恨んでいる人がいるとしても、日本軍によって強制的に慰安所に入れられたというのは語弊がある。だからこそ日本語版ではそんな風には書いていないのだろう。

そして、お決まりの「慰安婦システムは国際法違反」「真相の究明を」といった左系の人たちのスローガン。81歳の元「性奴隷」による「私の最後の訴え」。藍谷邦雄弁護士（写真）の「性奴隷問題」を解決するために何をすべきかについてもはや日韓の間で議論の余地はないといった主張。

藍谷は2007年に報道2001に出演した際、自分はアメリカの下院決議の内容が正確だとは思っていないとポロリと白状していたから、慰安所というのがどういう施設だったか理解した上で（そして真相究明など充分なされていることを知った上で）、こういう発言をしているのである（まず間違いなく、藍谷は「性奴隷」などという言葉は使っていない）。

The Japanese and South Korean bar associations jointly called on the Japanese government Saturday to pass a law to pay reparations to Korean ‘‘comfort women’’ who were forced into wartime brothels for the Japanese military.

The Japan Federation of Bar Associations and the Korean Bar Association issued the appeal at a symposium they organized in Tokyo on the issue of Korean women victimized in the course of Japan’s colonial rule of the Korean Peninsula from 1910 to 1945.

They also urged the government to acknowledge that the operations of the brothels at various countries constitute human rights abuses that impinge upon international laws and to issue an official apology to the victims as part of the envisioned law.

In addition, they called on the government to set up committees of investigation at both Diet and government levels to shed light on the full extent of the abuses.

At the symposium, an 81-year-old South Korean woman, who once worked as a sex slave, said in Japanese via video, ‘‘I am indignant as I was tortured, so I want (the Japanese government) to issue a clear-cut apology and pay financial reparations.’‘

‘‘This is my last word to the Japanese government,’’ she said.

South Korean lawyer Yang Jong Suk said, ‘‘Now that the Democratic Party of Japan, which had submitted repeatedly in the past to the Diet a bill with clear reference to the legal responsibility of the Japanese government, has become the governing party, it is in a position to enact laws realistically.’‘

Japanese lawyer Kunio Aitani said, ‘‘There is no longer any dispute between Japan and South Korea’’ over what direction remedial measures should take and what steps should be taken to solve the issue of wartime sexual slavery.

The two associations ‘‘would like to work to actualize these proposals to bring about a definitive solution’’ to the issue, he added.

Japan Today（共同）12月12日